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Peter
Birch & Swinnerton Dyer
Birch & Swinnerton Dyer


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#1
A 14

Let n be an integer with n \ge 2. Show that n does not divide 2^{n}-1.

PostPosted: Fri May 25, 2007 2:24 am
TomciO
Yang-Mills Theory
Yang-Mills Theory

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#2
Let p be the smallest prime divisor of n and let k be the order of n mod p. Then of course: k>1, k|n, k|p-1 which implies that n has a prime divisor smaller than p, contradiction.

PostPosted: Fri May 25, 2007 2:24 am
ZetaX
Birch & Swinnerton Dyer
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#3
Solution by Christian Hirsch (similar, but still different):

Assume that n is the smallest number >1 with that property. Then let k = \gcd(n,\varphi(n)) <n and see that 2^k \equiv 1 \mod n (by 2^n , 2^{\varphi(n)} \equiv 1 \mod n), thus k|2^k-1.
By minimality we have k=1, giving 2 \equiv 1 \mod n, contradiction.

PostPosted: Fri May 25, 2007 2:24 am
manjil
Riemann Hypothesis
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#4
A nice solution
The typing is not good!

We apply Fermat’s method of infinite descent to the prime factors of n . Let p1 be prime divisor of n and q be the smallest positive integer for which p1 divides 2q-1. From Fermat’s Little theorem it follows that p1 divides 2p1-1-1. Also we have q< p1-1<p
Let us prove that q divides n. If not let n=kq+r, where 0<r<q. Then 2n-1=2kq2r-1=(2q-1+1)2r-1 which is obviously equal to 2r-1 modulo p1.
It follows that p1 divides 2r-1, contradicting the minimality of q. Hence q divides n and 2q<p1. Let p2 be a prime divisor of q. Then it is also a divisor of n and hence p2<p1. Repeating the argument we construct an infinite sequence of prime divisors.
Hence the proof follows.
This problem is from the 1st Putnam in 1939 most probably!
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Manjil P. Saikia

PostPosted: Sun Aug 10, 2008 5:50 pm
Joao Pedro Santos
P versus NP
P versus NP

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#5
Let p be the smallest prime divisor of n. So we have 2^n\equiv_p1, which means that ord_p2|n, but by the Fermat's Little Theorem, \mbox{ord}_p2\le p - 1, so \mbox{ord}_p2 = 1, so 2\equiv_p1, which is impossible.

PostPosted: Mon Dec 28, 2009 4:32 am
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